Digital geological mapping: Tablet PC or PDA?

Digital geological mapping (DGM) is the process of mapping and collecting geological data using some form of portable computer and Global Positioning System (GPS), rather than a traditional approach based on paper notebook and map. Briefly, a good DGM system must be: (1) reliable, rugged and not bulkier than a field notebook and mapping board; (2) should be fit for purpose and priced accordingly; (3) have a simple and logical visual interface; (4) should require little prior knowledge of computer skills from the operator; and (5) should be flexible to easily configure the software to their particular requirements.
The main objective of this work is to compare and review the pros and cons of two main types of DGM systems; those based on a Personal Digital Assistant - PDA (running ArcPad software), and those using a Tablet PC platform (running MapIT). The systems were tested by outcrop mapping of deformed Permian and Carboniferous sedimentary rocks near Tynemouth, NE England, where the outcrops offer a sequence of easily identified lithological units, and display a variety of different structures (e.g. faults, folds and fractures).
Digital mapping was evaluated using various pre-defined criteria related to hardware and software. Generally both the systems performed satisfactorily; hardware was robust and reliable, and the software was stable and easy to operate. The tablet PC is the more suitable of the two systems for outcrop mapping. The large screen and powerful data processing, combined with carefully designed MapIT software, made the operation of this system feel close to a traditional method of mapping, providing the user with a familiar environment within which they can make the transition from paper to digital mapping. The PDA system is most suitable for routine data collection and simple surveying tasks, due to its small screen and limited processing power. Because it is extremely portable and light-weight, it is also the best choice for digital mapping in remote areas, whenever weight and battery-life are major considerations.
MapIT can be considered as a ready to go software offering superior usability compared to ArcPad. Neverthless by using ArcPad Studio it is possible to develop fully customized mapping packages designed for specific user groups and tasks. This is more suitable for large survey organizations where there are a broad range of mapping tasks to be undertaken, and dedicated IT personnel available to provide programming expertise and service.
Parts of the geoscientist community are still reluctant to accept digital geological mapping. The results and experience obtained during this research show a clear tendency that DGM systems are becoming cheaper, more user friendly, and progressively more suitable for geological use.